Peningkatan Sifat Mekanik Komposit Serat Alam Limbah Sabut Kelapa (Cocofiber) yang Biodegradable

Sri Hastuti, Herru Santosa Budiono, Diki Ilham Ivadiyanto, Muhammad Nurdin Nahar

Abstract

Inovasi baru serat dari sabut kelapa dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis dari serat sabut kelapa, oleh karena itu dirancanglah pendayagunaan serat dari sabut kelapa untuk penguat komposit dengan material serat alam yang biodegradable. Hal ini untuk mendukung penggunaan komposit yang ramah terhadap lingkungan dan mengurangi penggunaan material komposit serat sintetis yang polutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis sifat mekanik pada komposit serat alam bermaterial serat dari sabut kelapa yang ramah lingkungan. Metode penelitian pembuatan komposit berpenguat serat dari sabut kelapa dilakukan treatment NaOH 15% selama 5 jam dan fraksi volume serat 10 %, 15 %, dan 20 %. Komposit  serat dari sabut kelapa dengan matriks UPRs 157 BQTN dengan hardener MEXPO. Pengujian mekanik dilakukan uji bending menggunakan standar ASTM D790 dan uji impak  menggunakan standar ASTM D5941.  Pengujian impak komposit serat alam menunjukkan ketangguhan impak komposit pada fraksi volume serat 20% dengan nilai 0.017588J/mm2. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan peningkatan fraksi volume serta berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kekuatan bending komposit serat dari sabut kelapa  dengan kekuatan optimum bending pada fraksi volume serat 10% dengan nilai 44,33N/mm2. Hal ini menunjukkan peningkatan fraksi volume serat dengan perendaman NaOH 15% akan meningkatkan sifat mekanik bending dan impak komposit. Perendaman NaOH memberikan pengaruh daya serap sabut kelapa terhadap matrik Unsaturated Polyester yang dapat meningkatkan daya rekat antara penguat serat dengan matrik sehingga meningkatkan sifat mekanik bending dan impak komposit.

 

ABSTRACT

 

The innovation of coco fiber is used to increase the economic value of coconut coir, therefore the utilization of coconut fiber for reinforcing composites with biodegradable natural fiber material is designed. This is to support the use of composites that are friendly to the environment and reduce the use of pollutant synthetic fiber composite materials. The research objective was to analyze the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites with environmentally friendly coconut fiber as material. The research method of making fiber-reinforced composites from coconut coir was carried out by 15% NaOH treatment for 5 hours and a fiber volume fraction of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Composite fiber from coconut coir with UPRs 157 BQTN matrix with MEXPO hardener. Mechanical testing is carried out using the ASTM D790 standard and the impact test using the ASTM D5941 standard. The impact test of natural fiber composites showed the impact toughness of the composite at a fiber volume fraction of 20% with a value of 0.017588 J/ mm2. The test results showed an increase in volume fraction and an effect on the increase in the bending strength of coconut fiber composites with the optimum bending strength at a fiber volume fraction of 10% with a value of 44.33N /mm2. This shows that the increase in fiber volume fraction by immersion in 15% NaOH will increase the bending mechanical properties and the impact of the composite. Soaking NaOH has an effect on the absorption power of coconut coir on the Unsaturated Polyester matrix which can increase the adhesion between the fiber reinforcement and the matrix thereby increasing the bending mechanical properties and impact of the composite.

Keywords

bending; cocofiber; composite; impact

Full Text:

PDF

References

A. Lay and P. M. Pasang, “Pengolahan serat sabut kelapa,” Pengolah. Serat Sabut Kelapa, pp. 94–98, 1999.

G. Das, H. S. Shin, A. Kumar, C. N. Vishnuprasad, and J. K. Patra, “Photo-mediated optimized synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extracts of outer shell fibre of Cocos nucifera L. fruit and detection of its antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antibacterial potential,” Saudi J. Biol. Sci., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 980–987, 2021.

T. Indahyani, “Pada Perencanaan Interior Dan Furniture Masyarakat Miskin,” Humaniora, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 15–23, 2011.

B. Lu et al., “Feasibility of NIR spectroscopy detection of moisture content in coco-peat substrate based on the optimization characteristic variables,” Spectrochim. Acta - Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., vol. 239, 2020.

L. S. Ott, M. M. Riddell, E. L. O’Neill, and G. S. Carini, “From orchids to biodiesel: Coco coir as an effective drywash material for biodiesel fuel,” Fuel Process. Technol., vol. 176, no. February, pp. 1–6, 2018.

S. Indrawati and S. Suyatno, “Innovative Coco Shell Resonator (CSR) Panels for Acoustic Performance,” Procedia Eng., vol. 170, pp. 293–298, 2017.

B. Maryanti, A. Sonief, and S. Wahyudi, “Pengaruh Alkalisasi Komposit Serat Kelapa-Poliester Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik,” Rekayasa Mesin, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 123–129, 2011.

A. Nurdin, S. Hastuti, H. P. D., and R. H., “Pengaruh Alkali dan Fraksi Volume terhadap Sifat Mekanik Komposit Serat Akar Wangi – Epoxy,” Rotasi, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 30, 2019.

S. Hastuti, C. Pramono, and Y. Akhmad, “Sifat Mekanis Serat Enceng Gondok Sebagai Material Komposit Serat Alam Yang Biodegradable,” J. Mech. Eng., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 22–28, 2018.

M. Arsyad and A. Salam, “Analisis Pengaruh Konsentrasi Larutan Alkali Terhadap Perubahan Diameter Serat Sabut Kelapa,” INTEK J. Penelit., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 10, 2017.

S. Hastuti, C. Pramono, and Paryono, “Utilization of palm fiber waste as reinforcement composite material for the manufacture of public housing panel,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2097, no. April, 2019.

“S2214785321004934-Santosh Kumar et al 2021.” .

K. Diharjo et al., “Adhesive nanosilica/aluminium powder-Epoxy for joint application on composite car body of electrical vehicle,” Proc. 2013 Jt. Int. Conf. Rural Inf. Commun. Technol. Electr. Technol. rICT ICEV-T 2013, pp. 13–17, 2013.

H. Salmah, B. Y. Lim, and P. L. Teh, “Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell-filled low-density polyethylene composites with acrylic acid,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 1155–1167, 2013.

M. A. Habe, “Efek Perendaman Serat Sabut Kelapa dalam Larutan Alkali Terhadap Daya Serap Serat Sabut Kelapa pada Matriks Poliester,” INTEK J. Penelit., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 15, 2016.

I. S. Aji, S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Zainudin, and K. Abdan, “Kenaf fibres as reinforcement for polymeric composites: A review,” Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 239–248, 2009.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v6i1.2257
Abstract - Print this article - Indexing metadata - How to cite item - Finding References - Email this article (Login required) - Email the author (Login required)

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.